The stupa (“stupa” is Sanskrit for “heap”) is a sepulchral and/or commemorative structure designed to encase Buddhist relics and other holy objects. This word is now used for the pre-eminent type of Buddhist monument, which is at least a freestanding mound, usually with a circular drum (Medhi) forming the base for a massive solid dome (anda) topped by a turret (chattri), while the bell or dome-shaped mound covers the relics or holy objects. At its simplest, a stupa is a dirt burial mound faced with stone. Stupas exist all over the world and are one of the oldest Buddhist monuments. Historically, stupas have been symbolize and represent the following ele
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